Linux

What is a Shell? An Operating is made of many components, but its two prime components are - Kernel Shell A Kernel is at the nucleus of a computer. It makes the communication between the hardware and software possible. While the Kernel is the innermost part of an operating system, a shell is the outermost one. A shell in a Linux operating system takes input from you in the form of commands, processes it, and then gives an output. It is the interface through which a user works on the programs, commands, and scripts. A shell is accessed by a terminal which runs it.

File Commands:-- 1. ls: Directory listing 2. ls -al: Formatted listing with hidden files 3. ls -lt :Sorting the Formatted listing by time modification 4. cd dir: Change directory to dir 5. cd: Change to home directory 6. pwd: Show current working directory 7. mkdir dir: Creating a directory dir 8. cat >file: Places the standard input into the file 9. more file: Output the contents of the file 10. head file: Output the first 10 lines of the file 11. tail file: Output the last 10 lines of the file 12. tail -f file: Output the contents of file as it grows,starting with the last 10 lines 13. touch file: Create or update file 14. rm file: Deleting the file 15. rm -r dir: Deleting the directory 16. rm -f file: Force to remove the file 17. rm -rf dir: Force to remove the directory dir 18. cp file1 file2: Copy the contents of file1 to file2 19. cp -r dir1 dir2: Copy dir1 to dir2;create dir2 if not present 20. mv file1 file2: Rename or move file1 to file2,if file2 is an existing directory 21...